Diamonds shine in quantum networks when their impurities are hitche= d onto nano-resonators

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Diamonds shine in quantum networks when their impurities are hitched onto n= ano-resonators

(Nanowerk News) When it comes to dreaming about diamonds, energy e= fficiency and powerful information processing aren't normally the thou= ghts that spring to mind. Unless, of course, you are a quantum physicist lo= oking to create the most secure and powerful networks around.

Researchers at the University of Calgary and Hewlett Packard Labs in Palo A= lto, California, have come up with a way to use impurities in diamonds as a= method of creating a node in a quantum network. In addition to making powe= rful and secure networks, this discovery may also help sensitive measuremen= ts of magnetic fields and create new powerful platforms useful for applicat= ions in biology.

"Impurities in diamonds have recently been used to store information e= ncoded onto their quantum state, which can be controlled and read out using= light. But coming up with robust way to create connections needed to pass = on signals between these impurities is difficult," says Dr. Paul Barcl= ay, who recently moved to Calgary to start labs at the University of Calgar= y in the Institute for Quantum Information Science and at the National Inst= itute for Nanotechnology in Edmonton.

"We have taken an important step towards achieving this," adds Ba= rclay.

Barclay and colleagues Dr. Andrei Faraon, Dr. Kai-Mei Fu, Dr. Charles Santo= ri and Dr. Ray Beausoleil from Hewlett Packard have published a paper on th= eir research in the journal Nature Photonics ("Resonant enhancement of the zero-phonon emission from a = color center in a diamond cavity").

Impurities in diamonds are responsible for slightly altering the material&#= x27;s colour, typically adding a slight red or yellow tint. The "NV ce= nter" impurity, which consists of a nitrogen atom and a vacancy in oth= erwise perfect diamond carbon lattice, has quantum properties that research= ers are learning to exploit for useful applications.

In principle, individual particles of light, photons, can be used to transf= er this quantum information between impurities, each of which could be a no= de in a quantum network used for energy efficient and powerful information = processing. In practice, this is challenging to demonstrate because of the = small size of the impurities (a few nanometers) and the experimental comple= xity that comes along with studying and controlling several nanoscale quant= um systems at once.

Researchers at Hewlett Packard Labs and Barclay, who worked on this researc= h at HP and is now a professor in the Department on Physics and Astronomy a= t the University of Calgary, have created photonic "microring resonato= rs" on diamond chips. These microrings are designed to efficiently cha= nnel light between diamond impurities, and an on-chip photonic circuit conn= ected to quantum impurities at other locations on the chip.

In future work, this microring will be connected to other components on the= diamond chip, and light will be routed between impurities.

"This work demonstrates the important connection between fundamental p= hysics, blue sky applications, and near-term problem solving. It involves m= any of the same concepts being pushed by companies such as HP, IBM, and Int= el who are beginning to integrate photonics with computer hardware to incre= ase performance and reduce the major problem of heat generation," says= Barclay.= =20

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Source: University of Calgary

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if (z>-1) { z=3D_uGC(dc,"__utmz=3D"+_udh+".",";"); } else { z=3D"-"; } t=3D_uGC(s,_ucid+"=3D","&"); t2=3D_uGC(s,_ucsr+"=3D","&"); t3=3D_uGC(s,"gclid=3D","&"); if ((t!=3D"-" && t!=3D"") || (t2!=3D"-" && t2!=3D"") || (t3!=3D"-" && t3!= =3D"")) { if (t!=3D"-" && t!=3D"") c+=3D"utmcid=3D"+_uEC(t); if (t2!=3D"-" && t2!=3D"") { if (c !=3D "") c+=3D"|"; c+=3D"utmcsr=3D"+_u= EC(t2); } if (t3!=3D"-" && t3!=3D"") { if (c !=3D "") c+=3D"|"; c+=3D"utmgclid=3D"+= _uEC(t3); } t=3D_uGC(s,_uccn+"=3D","&"); if (t!=3D"-" && t!=3D"") c+=3D"|utmccn=3D"+_uEC(t); else c+=3D"|utmccn=3D(not+set)"; t=3D_uGC(s,_ucmd+"=3D","&"); if (t!=3D"-" && t!=3D"") c+=3D"|utmcmd=3D"+_uEC(t); else c+=3D"|utmcmd=3D(not+set)"; t=3D_uGC(s,_uctr+"=3D","&"); if (t!=3D"-" && t!=3D"") c+=3D"|utmctr=3D"+_uEC(t); else { t=3D_uOrg(1); if (t!=3D"-" && t!=3D"") c+=3D"|utmctr=3D"+_uEC(t); = } t=3D_uGC(s,_ucct+"=3D","&"); if (t!=3D"-" && t!=3D"") c+=3D"|utmcct=3D"+_uEC(t); t=3D_uGC(s,_ucno+"=3D","&"); if (t=3D=3D"1") o=3D1; if (z!=3D"-" && o=3D=3D1) return ""; } if (c=3D=3D"-" || c=3D=3D"") { c=3D_uOrg(); if (z!=3D"-" && _ufno=3D=3D1) = return ""; } if (c=3D=3D"-" || c=3D=3D"") { if (_ufns=3D=3D1) c=3D_uRef(); if (z!=3D"-= " && _ufno=3D=3D1) return ""; } if (c=3D=3D"-" || c=3D=3D"") { if (z=3D=3D"-" && _ufns=3D=3D1) { c=3D"utmccn=3D(direct)|utmcsr=3D(direct= )|utmcmd=3D(none)"; } if (c=3D=3D"-" || c=3D=3D"") return ""; } if (z!=3D"-") { i=3Dz.indexOf("."); if (i>-1) i=3Dz.indexOf(".",i+1); if (i>-1) i=3Dz.indexOf(".",i+1); if (i>-1) i=3Dz.indexOf(".",i+1); t=3Dz.substring(i+1,z.length); if (t.toLowerCase()=3D=3Dc.toLowerCase()) cs=3D1; t=3Dz.substring(0,i); if ((i=3Dt.lastIndexOf(".")) > -1) { t=3Dt.substring(i+1,t.length); cn=3D(t*1); } } if (cs=3D=3D0 || _ufns=3D=3D1) { t=3D_uGC(dc,"__utma=3D"+_udh+".",";"); if ((i=3Dt.lastIndexOf(".")) > 9) { _uns=3Dt.substring(i+1,t.length); _uns=3D(_uns*1); } cn++; if (_uns=3D=3D0) _uns=3D1; _ubd.cookie=3D"__utmz=3D"+_udh+"."+_ust+"."+_uns+"."+cn+"."+c+"; path=3D"= +_utcp+"; "+x+_udo; } if (cs=3D=3D0 || _ufns=3D=3D1) return "&utmcn=3D1"; else return "&utmcr=3D1"; } function _uRef() { if (_ur=3D=3D"0" || _ur=3D=3D"" || _ur=3D=3D"-") return ""; var i=3D0,h,k,n; if ((i=3D_ur.indexOf("://"))<0 || _uGCse()) return ""; h=3D_ur.substring(i+3,_ur.length); if (h.indexOf("/") > -1) { k=3Dh.substring(h.indexOf("/"),h.length); if (k.indexOf("?") > -1) k=3Dk.substring(0,k.indexOf("?")); h=3Dh.substring(0,h.indexOf("/")); } h=3Dh.toLowerCase(); n=3Dh; if ((i=3Dn.indexOf(":")) > -1) n=3Dn.substring(0,i); for (var ii=3D0;ii<_uRno.length;ii++) { if ((i=3Dn.indexOf(_uRno[ii].toLowerCase())) > -1 && n.length=3D=3D(i+_uR= no[ii].length)) { _ufno=3D1; break; } } if (h.indexOf("www.")=3D=3D0) h=3Dh.substring(4,h.length); return "utmccn=3D(referral)|utmcsr=3D"+_uEC(h)+"|"+"utmcct=3D"+_uEC(k)+"|u= tmcmd=3Dreferral"; } function _uOrg(t) { if (_ur=3D=3D"0" || _ur=3D=3D"" || _ur=3D=3D"-") return ""; var i=3D0,h,k; if ((i=3D_ur.indexOf("://"))<0 || _uGCse()) return ""; h=3D_ur.substring(i+3,_ur.length); if (h.indexOf("/") > -1) { h=3Dh.substring(0,h.indexOf("/")); } for (var ii=3D0;ii<_uOsr.length;ii++) { if (h.toLowerCase().indexOf(_uOsr[ii].toLowerCase()) > -1) { if ((i=3D_ur.indexOf("?"+_uOkw[ii]+"=3D")) > -1 || (i=3D_ur.indexOf("&"+= _uOkw[ii]+"=3D")) > -1) { k=3D_ur.substring(i+_uOkw[ii].length+2,_ur.length); if ((i=3Dk.indexOf("&")) > -1) k=3Dk.substring(0,i); for (var yy=3D0;yy<_uOno.length;yy++) { if (_uOno[yy].toLowerCase()=3D=3Dk.toLowerCase()) { _ufno=3D1; break; = } } if (t) return _uEC(k); else return "utmccn=3D(organic)|utmcsr=3D"+_uEC(_uOsr[ii])+"|"+"utmctr= =3D"+_uEC(k)+"|utmcmd=3Dorganic"; } } } return ""; } function _uGCse() { var h,p; h=3Dp=3D_ur.split("://")[1]; if(h.indexOf("/")>-1) { h=3Dh.split("/")[0]; p=3Dp.substring(p.indexOf("/")+1,p.length); } if(p.indexOf("?")>-1) { p=3Dp.split("?")[0]; } if(h.toLowerCase().indexOf("google")>-1) { if(_ur.indexOf("?q=3D")>-1 || _ur.indexOf("&q=3D")>-1) { if (p.toLowerCase().indexOf("cse")>-1) { return true; } } } } function _uBInfo() { var sr=3D"-",sc=3D"-",ul=3D"-",fl=3D"-",cs=3D"-",je=3D1; var n=3Dnavigator; if (self.screen) { sr=3Dscreen.width+"x"+screen.height; sc=3Dscreen.colorDepth+"-bit"; } else if (self.java) { var j=3Djava.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(); var s=3Dj.getScreenSize(); sr=3Ds.width+"x"+s.height; } if (n.language) { ul=3Dn.language.toLowerCase(); } else if (n.browserLanguage) { ul=3Dn.browserLanguage.toLowerCase(); } je=3Dn.javaEnabled()?1:0; if (_uflash) fl=3D_uFlash(); if (_ubd.characterSet) cs=3D_uES(_ubd.characterSet); else if (_ubd.charset) cs=3D_uES(_ubd.charset); return "&utmcs=3D"+cs+"&utmsr=3D"+sr+"&utmsc=3D"+sc+"&utmul=3D"+ul+"&utmje= =3D"+je+"&utmfl=3D"+fl; } function __utmSetTrans() { var e; if (_ubd.getElementById) e=3D_ubd.getElementById("utmtrans"); else if (_ubd.utmform && _ubd.utmform.utmtrans) e=3D_ubd.utmform.utmtrans; if (!e) return; var l=3De.value.split("UTM:"); var i,i2,c; if (_userv=3D=3D0 || _userv=3D=3D2) i=3Dnew Array(); if (_userv=3D=3D1 || _userv=3D=3D2) { i2=3Dnew Array(); c=3D_uGCS(); } for (var ii=3D0;ii-1) return; if (h) { url=3Dl+"#"+p; } else { if (iq=3D=3D-1 && ih=3D=3D-1) url=3Dl+"?"+p; else if (ih=3D=3D-1) url=3Dl+"&"+p; else if (iq=3D=3D-1) url=3Dl.substring(0,ih-1)+"?"+p+l.substring(ih); else url=3Dl.substring(0,ih-1)+"&"+p+l.substring(ih); } } return url; } function __utmLinker(l,h) { if (!_ulink || !l || l=3D=3D"") return; _udl.href=3D__utmLinkerUrl(l,h); } function __utmLinkPost(f,h) { if (!_ulink || !f || !f.action) return; f.action=3D__utmLinkerUrl(f.action, h); return; } function __utmSetVar(v) { if (!v || v=3D=3D"") return; if (!_udo || _udo =3D=3D "") { _udh=3D_uDomain(); if (_udn && _udn!=3D"") { _udo=3D" domain=3D"+_udn+";"; } } if (!_uVG()) return; var r=3DMath.round(Math.random() * 2147483647); _ubd.cookie=3D"__utmv=3D"+_udh+"."+_uES(v)+"; path=3D"+_utcp+"; expires=3D= "+_uNx()+";"+_udo; var s=3D"&utmt=3Dvar&utmn=3D"+r; if (_usample && _usample !=3D 100) s+=3D"&utmsp=3D"+_uES(_usample); if ((_userv=3D=3D0 || _userv=3D=3D2) && _uSP()) { var i=3Dnew Image(1,1); i.src=3D_ugifpath+"?"+"utmwv=3D"+_uwv+s; i.onload=3Dfunction() { _uVoid(); } } if ((_userv=3D=3D1 || _userv=3D=3D2) && _uSP()) { var i2=3Dnew Image(1,1); i2.src=3D_ugifpath2+"?"+"utmwv=3D"+_uwv+s+"&utmac=3D"+_uacct+"&utmcc=3D"+= _uGCS(); i2.onload=3Dfunction() { _uVoid(); } } } function _uGCS() { var t,c=3D"",dc=3D_ubd.cookie; if ((t=3D_uGC(dc,"__utma=3D"+_udh+".",";"))!=3D"-") c+=3D_uES("__utma=3D"+= t+";+"); if ((t=3D_uGC(dc,"__utmx=3D"+_udh,";"))!=3D"-") c+=3D_uES("__utmx=3D"+t+";= +"); if ((t=3D_uGC(dc,"__utmz=3D"+_udh+".",";"))!=3D"-") c+=3D_uES("__utmz=3D"+= t+";+"); if ((t=3D_uGC(dc,"__utmv=3D"+_udh+".",";"))!=3D"-") c+=3D_uES("__utmv=3D"+= t+";"); if (c.charAt(c.length-1)=3D=3D"+") c=3Dc.substring(0,c.length-1); return c; } function _uGC(l,n,s) { if (!l || l=3D=3D"" || !n || n=3D=3D"" || !s || s=3D=3D"") return "-"; var i,i2,i3,c=3D"-"; i=3Dl.indexOf(n); i3=3Dn.indexOf("=3D")+1; if (i > -1) { i2=3Dl.indexOf(s,i); if (i2 < 0) { i2=3Dl.length; } c=3Dl.substring((i+i3),i2); } return c; } function _uDomain() { if (!_udn || _udn=3D=3D"" || _udn=3D=3D"none") { _udn=3D""; 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while ((s.charAt(s.length-1)=3D=3D' ') || (s.charAt(s.length-1)=3D=3D'\n'= ) || (s.charAt(s.length-1)=3D=3D'\r')) s=3Ds.substring(0,s.length-1); return s; } function _uEC(s) { var n=3D""; if (!s || s=3D=3D"") return ""; for (var i=3D0;i0) r=3Da.substring(i+1,i2); else return ""; = = =20 if ((i=3Da.indexOf(".",i2+1))>0) t=3Da.substring(i2+1,i); else return ""; = = =20 if (f) { return r; } else { var c=3Dnew Array('A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','J','K','L','M','N','P'= ,'R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9'); return c[r>>28&m]+c[r>>23&m]+c[r>>18&m]+c[r>>13&m]+"-"+c[r>>8&m]+c[r>>3&m= ]+c[((r&7)<<2)+(t>>30&3)]+c[t>>25&m]+c[t>>20&m]+"-"+c[t>>15&m]+c[t>>10&m]+c= [t>>5&m]+c[t&m]; } } function _uIN(n) { if (!n) return false; for (var i=3D0;i"9") && (c!=3D".")) return false; } return true; } function _uES(s,u) { if (typeof(encodeURIComponent) =3D=3D 'function') { if (u) return encodeURI(s); else return encodeURIComponent(s); } else { return escape(s); } } function _uUES(s) { if (typeof(decodeURIComponent) =3D=3D 'function') { return decodeURIComponent(s); } else { return unescape(s); } } function _uVG() { if((_udn.indexOf("www.google.") =3D=3D 0 || _udn.indexOf(".google.") =3D= =3D 0 || _udn.indexOf("google.") =3D=3D 0) && _utcp=3D=3D'/' && _udn.indexO= f("google.org")=3D=3D-1) { return false; } return true; } function _uSP() { var s=3D100; if (_usample) s=3D_usample; if(s>=3D100 || s<=3D0) return true; return ((__utmVisitorCode(1)%10000)<(s*100)); } function urchinPathCopy(p){ var d=3Ddocument,nx,tx,sx,i,c,cs,t,h,o; cs=3Dnew Array("a","b","c","v","x","z"); h=3D_uDomain(); if (_udn && _udn!=3D"") o=3D" domain=3D"+_udn+";"; nx=3D_uNx()+";"; tx=3Dnew Date(); tx.setTime(tx.getTime()+(_utimeout*1000)); tx=3Dtx.toGMTString()+";"; sx=3Dnew Date(); sx.setTime(sx.getTime()+(_ucto*1000)); sx=3Dsx.toGMTString()+";"; for (i=3D0;i<6;i++){ t=3D" expires=3D"; if (i=3D=3D1) t+=3Dtx; else if (i=3D=3D2) t=3D""; else if (i=3D=3D5) t+= =3Dsx; else t+=3Dnx; c=3D_uGC(d.cookie,"__utm"+cs[i]+"=3D"+h,";"); if (c!=3D"-") d.cookie=3D"__utm"+cs[i]+"=3D"+c+"; path=3D"+p+";"+t+o; } } function _uCO() { if (!_utk || _utk=3D=3D"" || _utk.length<10) return; var d=3D'www.google.com'; if (_utk.charAt(0)=3D=3D'!') d=3D'analytics.corp.google.com'; _ubd.cookie=3D"GASO=3D"+_utk+"; path=3D"+_utcp+";"+_udo; var sc=3Ddocument.createElement('script'); sc.type=3D'text/javascript'; sc.id=3D"_gasojs"; sc.src=3D'https://'+d+'/analytics/reporting/overlay_js?gaso=3D'+_utk+'&'+M= ath.random(); document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(sc); = =20 } function _uGT() { var h=3Dlocation.hash, a; if (h && h!=3D"" && h.indexOf("#gaso=3D")=3D=3D0) { a=3D_uGC(h,"gaso=3D","&"); } else { a=3D_uGC(_ubd.cookie,"GASO=3D",";"); } return a; } var _utk=3D_uGT(); if (_utk && _utk!=3D"" && _utk.length>10 && _utk.indexOf("=3D")=3D=3D-1) { if (window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener('load', _uCO, false);= =20 } else if (window.attachEvent) {= =20 window.attachEvent('onload', _uCO); } } function _uNx() { return (new Date((new Date()).getTime()+63072000000)).toGMTString(); } ------=_NextPart_000_0000_37C93C41.43DB7264--