From: "Saved by Windows Internet Explorer 9" Subject: =?Windows-1252?Q?Coherent_Schr=F6dinger's_cat_still_confounds_-_physicswo?= =?Windows-1252?Q?rld.com?= Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 01:53:52 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01CCAE39.BEBCB9B0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.1.7601.17609 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01CCAE39.BEBCB9B0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/47944 =EF=BB=BF Coherent = Schr=C3=B6dinger's cat=20 still confounds - physicsworld.com

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Coherent Schr=C3=B6dinger's cat still = confounds

Nov 23, 2011 = =09 14=20 comments

How to = make a=20 cat from photons

The famous paradox of Schr=C3=B6dinger's cat starts from principles = of quantum=20 physics and ends with the bizarre conclusion that a cat can be = simultaneously in=20 two physical states =E2=80=93 one in which the cat is alive and the = other in which it is=20 dead. In real life, however, large objects such as cats clearly don't = exist in a=20 superposition of two or more states and this paradox is usually resolved = in=20 terms of quantum decoherence. But now physicists in Canada and = Switzerland argue=20 that even if decoherence could be prevented, the difficulty of making = perfect=20 measurements would stop us from confirming the cat's superposition.

Erwin Schr=C3=B6dinger, one of the fathers of quantum theory, = formulated his=20 paradox in 1935 to highlight the apparent absurdity of the quantum = principle of=20 superposition =E2=80=93 that an unobserved quantum object is = simultaneously in multiple=20 states. He envisaged a black box containing a radioactive nucleus, a = Geiger=20 counter, a vial of poison gas and a cat. The Geiger counter is primed to = release=20 the poison gas, killing the cat, if it detects any radiation from a = nuclear=20 decay. The grisly game is played out according to the rules of quantum = mechanics=20 because nuclear decay is a quantum process.

If the apparatus is left for a period of time and then observed, you = may find=20 either that the nucleus has decayed or that it has not decayed, and = therefore=20 that the poison has or has not been released, and that the cat has or = has not=20 been killed. However, quantum mechanics tells us that, before the = observation=20 has been made, the system is in a superposition of both states =E2=80=93 = the nucleus has=20 both decayed and not decayed, the poison has both been released and not = been=20 released, and the cat is both alive and dead.

Mixing micro and macro

Schr=C3=B6dinger's cat is an example of "micro-macro entanglement", = whereby=20 quantum mechanics allows (in principle) a microscopic object such as an = atomic=20 nucleus and a macroscopic object such as a cat to have a much closer=20 relationship than permitted by classical physics. However, it is clear = to any=20 observer that microscopic objects obey quantum physics, while = macroscopic things=20 obey the classical physics rules that we experience in our everyday = lives. But=20 if the two are entangled it is impossible that each can be governed by = different=20 physical rules.

The most common way to avoid this problem is to appeal to quantum=20 decoherence, whereby multiple interactions between an object and its=20 surroundings destroy the coherence of superposition and entanglement. = The result=20 is that the object appears to obey classical physics, even though it is = actually=20 following the rules of quantum mechanics. It is impossible for a large = system=20 such as a cat to remain completely isolated from its surroundings, and = therefore=20 we do not perceive it as a quantum object.

While not disputing this explanation, Christoph Simon and a colleague = at the=20 University of Calgary, and another at the University of Geneva, have = asked what=20 would happen if decoherence did not affect the cat. In a thought = experiment=20 backed up by computer simulations, the physicists consider pairs of = photons (A=20 and B) generated from the same source with equal and opposite = polarizations,=20 travelling in opposite directions. For each pair, photon A is sent = directly to a=20 detector, but photon B is duplicated many times by an amplifier to make = a=20 macroscopic light beam that stands in for the cat. The polarizations of = the=20 photons in this light beam are then measured.

Two types of amplifier

They consider two different types of amplifier. The first measures = the state=20 of photon B, which has the effect of destroying the entanglement with A, = before=20 producing more photons with whatever polarization it measures photon B = to have.=20 This is rather like the purely classical process of observing the Geiger = counter=20 to see whether it has detected any radiation, and then using the = information to=20 decide whether or not to kill the cat. The second amplifier copies = photon B=20 without measuring its state, thus preserving the entanglement with = A.

The researchers ask how the measured polarizations of the photons in = the=20 light beam will differ depending on which amplifier is used. They find = that, if=20 perfect resolution can be achieved, the results look quite different. = However,=20 with currently available experimental techniques, the differences cannot = be=20 seen. "If you have a big system and you want to see quantum features = like=20 entanglement in it, you have to make sure that your precision is = extremely=20 good," explains Simon. "You have to be able to distinguish a million = photons=20 from a million plus one photons, and there is no current technology that = would=20 allow you to do that."

Quantum-information theorist Renato Renner of ETH Zurich is = impressed: "Even=20 if there was no decoherence, this paper would explain why we do not see = quantum=20 effects and why the world appears classical to us, which is a very = fundamental=20 question of course." But, he cautions, "The paper raises a very = fundamental=20 question and gives us an answer in an interesting special case, but = whether it=20 is general remains to be seen."

The research will be published in Physical Review = Letters.

About the author

Tim Wogan is a science writer based in the = UK

14 comments

Add your comments on this article

1

Jarek = DudaNov=20 23, 2011 5:04 PMCracow, = Poland

What is happening while oppening the box?

Doesn't no-cloning theorem forbid amplifiers from the = proposed=20 experiment?

And generally in Schrodinger's cat experiment, = while for=20 external observer the cat is in quantum superposition, if there = would be=20 additional observer inside the box, he could finally get out and = show video=20 recording what has really objectively happened inside.
Ok, one = can use=20 magical interpretation that there was e.g. multiple universes and in = each of=20 them the internal observer have seen something different and finally = opening=20 the box has chosen one of these universes ... but there is also a = bit=20 simpler explanation: quantum mechanics is not fundamental, but only=20 effective theory, among other representing information of subjective = observer.
For example if we would correct Brownian motion to make = it in=20 agreement with thermodynamical principles (Maximal Entropy Random = Walk and=20 extensions), it doesn't longer disagree with thermodynamical = predictions of=20 quantum mechanics ( arxiv.org=E2=80=A61111.2253 ).

Edited by Jarek Duda on Nov 23, 2011 5:04 PM. = =09
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2

M. AsgharNov=20 23, 2011 6:42 PM

Range of quantum entaglement

Interesting work but still a calculated guess game that = has to=20 be tested. Question: How big an object has to, when it loses this = property=20 of quantum coherence through the interaction with its environment, = say=20 gravity, and becomes a classical entity? It has been shown = experimentally a=20 few years back that a "piezoelectric vibrator" (PV) visible to the = eye and=20 containing billions of atoms can be in an entangled state containing = its=20 ground state and its first excited state. Can cat size PV do the = same trick?=20 Why not?
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3

M. AsgharNov=20 23, 2011 7:17 PM

3-body state.

With another one in the cage along with the poison and the = cat,=20 you have to have a 3-body entangled = state.

Quote:

Originally posted by Jarek = Duda View=20 comment
Doesn't no-cloning theorem forbid = amplifiers from=20 the proposed experiment?

And generally in Schrodinger's cat = experiment, while for external observer the cat is in quantum=20 superposition, if there would be additional observer inside the = box, he=20 could finally get out and show video recording what has really = objectively=20 happened inside.
Ok, one can use magical interpretation that = there was=20 e.g. multiple universes and in each of them the internal observer = have=20 seen something different and finally opening the box has chosen = one of=20 these universes ... but there is also a bit simpler explanation: = quantum=20 mechanics is not fundamental, but only effective theory, among = other=20 representing information of subjective observer.
For example if = we=20 would correct Brownian motion to make it in agreement with = thermodynamical=20 principles (Maximal Entropy Random Walk and extensions), it = doesn't longer=20 disagree with thermodynamical predictions of quantum mechanics ( = arxiv.org=E2=80=A61111.2253 = ).
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4

Jarek = DudaNov=20 23, 2011 7:45 PMCracow, = Poland

Subjective knowledge-objective reality distinction

Quote:

Originally posted by M. Asghar = View=20 comment
With another one in the cage along with = the poison=20 and the cat, you have to have a 3-body entangled = state.
Call=20 it as you want, but there is huge amount of wavefunction collapses = inside=20 (like every deexcitation) - the internal observer can be aware of = them,=20 while for the external one they would have to remain in = superposition until=20 the box is opened.
Of course, from the external observer point of = view,=20 this superposition is also of the internal observer state ... and = while=20 opening the box, all possible hypothetical internal scenarios = collapse into=20 the one which really happened there - e.g. recorded on video by the = internal=20 observer.
So maybe in fact there was objectively happening inside = only=20 this single final scenario and superposition was only representation = of the=20 limited knowledge of the external observer?

Experiment is not = physical? So let the separation be spatial - they are e.g. 1 light = year=20 away, so a year after cat's death, it would need to remain in = superposition=20 in quantum mechanics of the far observer ...
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5

zrzzzNov 24, 2011 2:42 AM

Wouldn't you hear the meowing stop?

and perhaps a bad smell after some time? This = Schr=C3=B6dinger fellow=20 should watch out for the ASPCA. They don't take kindly to animal = testing.=20 Also, the FBI might want to know where he got that radioactive = material=20 from...
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6

spintechNov 24, 2011 8:09 AM

The answer is...

Quantum Mechanics is a statistical theory. If we have 1000 = cat=20 in the boxes, we can say that after a specific amount of time, for = example=20 300 cats are dead. So what happens to an individual cat? Quantum = Mechanics=20 cannot answer. It deals with probabilities, which by definition, = means we=20 have an infinite number of experiments.

As for that PV = experiment,=20 the quantum state is not "written" on the system as |1>+|2>. = They make=20 measurements that result in similar quantities as if the system is = in such a=20 state. The same results can be potentially predicted by a more exact = single-system theory.

Edited by spintech on Nov 24, 2011 8:10 AM. =09
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7

leamphilNov 24, 2011 12:30 PM

I never really understood the Schrodinger's Cat experiment = -=20 there is an essential difrerence between a twin slit experiment = where trying=20 to observe which slit a photon went through collapses the wave = function, and=20 observing a cat in a box - if one looked into the sealed box then = that would=20 not affect any radioactive decay that may or may not have killed the = cat -=20 so unless one can find a trigger for the death (or otherwise) of the = cat=20 that prevents all kinds of observation to check what happens, I = don't think=20 you have an equivalent system. All you have is a cat that may be = dead or=20 alive but you don't know which - which is not the same as it being = both at=20 the same time.
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8

M. AsgharNov=20 24, 2011 12:38 PM

Entangled state

PLease do not forget that we are dealing with an entagled=20 state.
If you have 100 cats and a poison, you have to write an = entangled=20 state for all of them, the so-called Bell=20 state.

Quote:

Originally posted by spintech = View=20 comment
Quantum Mechanics is a statistical theory. = If we=20 have 1000 cat in the boxes, we can say that after a specific = amount of=20 time, for example 300 cats are dead. So what happens to an = individual cat?=20 Quantum Mechanics cannot answer. It deals with probabilities, = which by=20 definition, means we have an infinite number of = experiments.

As for=20 that PV experiment, the quantum state is not "written" on the = system as=20 |1>+|2>. They make measurements that result in similar = quantities as=20 if the system is in such a state. The same results can be = potentially=20 predicted by a more exact single-system=20 theory.
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9

Jarek = DudaNov=20 24, 2011 6:29 PMCracow, = Poland

QM =3D information/statistics + wave nature

There is more in quantum mechanics than just statistical = physics=20 - it also "have in mind" that particles have wave nature required = e.g. in=20 interference.
That the duality has two sides - particle is = corpuscle with=20 some kind internal periodic process (Zitterbewegung/de Broglie's = clock/is breather),=20 which creates periodic wave-like perturbations of the surrounding=20 field.
This clock was recently observed experimentally (nice Hestenes paper about it) and in this = interpretation=20 there was observed interference or orbit quantization even for macroscopic = objects with=20 wave-particle duality.
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10

martin07Nov 25, 2011 11:11 PMBracknell, United Kingdom

Validity of the Proposed Experiment

The author states that when the polarisation of either = photon A=20 or B is measured the entanglement between them is broken. The = question I=20 have is that when the 'amplifier' produces a new photon/s with the = same=20 polarisation as the original it must surely have to establish the=20 polarisation of this photon otherwise it can only produce randomly = polarised=20 photons.

Therefore if this amplifier measures the = polarisation,=20 needed to produce replicas of the original, the entanglement will, = by the=20 author's assertion, be broken and the experiment will fail or = produce false=20 results.

Just a thought.

Martin
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11

gzpablo50Nov=20 28, 2011 10:22 PM

Can a photon in a superposition state generate another = photon in=20 a superposition state such those photons will have the same = polarization=20 when measured?
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12

emaaloufNov 28, 2011 10:55 PM

A purely phsical perspective

This argument was valid in 1939.

Now days we can = aim a=20 "thermal" camera at the box and watch the cat's thermal signature.=20 Superposition =3D voided.

It's time for this argument to be = removed=20 from physics and for all physicists wasting their time on it to move = to=20 bigger and more complicated things.

Dark matter and energy, = the higgs=20 boson, particle/wave duality in specific states, black holes and=20 superluminal particles as few = examples.

Cheers.
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13

pmartelNov 29, 2011 1:44 AMStoneham, United States

The box was assumed to be opaque. That would include = thermal=20 wavelengths.
Quote:

Originally posted by emaalouf = View=20 comment
This argument was valid in 1939. =

Now days=20 we can aim a "thermal" camera at the box and watch the cat's = thermal=20 signature. Superposition =3D voided.

It's time for this = argument to=20 be removed from physics and for all physicists wasting their time = on it to=20 move to bigger and more complicated things.

Dark matter and = energy,=20 the higgs boson, particle/wave duality in specific states, black = holes and=20 superluminal particles as few=20 examples.

Cheers.
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14

JPDemersNov 29, 2011 5:21 AM

Missing the point

Quote:

Originally posted by emaalouf = View=20 comment

Now days we can aim a "thermal" = camera at=20 the box and watch the cat's thermal signature. Superposition =3D = voided.=20
It's a common mistake to focus on the cat, but in = fact=20 there's no need for the cat at all. Schroedinger stuffed the poor = animal=20 into the box merely to add force to his argument. The paradox = remains, even=20 if you're merely discussing the (macroscopic) poison being = simultaneously=20 released and not released, or the (macroscopic) Geiger counter=20 simultaneously recording and not recording an event. The latter are = physically just as mysterious as a live/dead cat, but they don't = grip the=20 imagination in quite the same way.

Edited by JPDemers on Nov 29, 2011 5:59 AM. =09
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versions;};brightcove.checkFlashSupportIE=3Dfunction(){var = versions;try{var flash=3Dnew = ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.7");var = version=3Dflash.GetVariable('$version');versions=3D/ = ([0-9]+),([0-9]+),([0-9]+),/.exec(version);}catch(exception){return = null;}=0A= return{majorVersion:versions[1],majorRevision:versions[2],minorRevision:v= ersions[3]};};brightcove.checkFlashSupportStandard=3Dfunction(){var = versions;var majorVersion;var majorRevision;var = minorRevision;try{if(typeof = navigator.plugins!=3D'undefined'&&navigator.plugins.length>0){if(navigato= r.plugins["Shockwave Flash 2.0"]||navigator.plugins["Shockwave = Flash"]){var swfVersion=3Dnavigator.plugins["Shockwave Flash 2.0"]?" = 2.0":"";var description=3Dnavigator.plugins["Shockwave = Flash"+swfVersion].description;var = filename=3Dnavigator.plugins["Shockwave = Flash"+swfVersion].filename;if(filename.match){if(filename.toLowerCase().= match(/lite/)){throw new Error();}}=0A= versions=3Ddescription.split(" = ");majorVersion=3Dversions[2].split(".")[0];majorRevision=3Dversions[2].s= plit(".")[1];minorRevision=3Dversions[3];if(minorRevision=3D=3D""){minorR= evision=3Dversions[4];}=0A= if(minorRevision[0]=3D=3D"d"){minorRevision=3DminorRevision.substring(1);= }else = if(minorRevision[0]=3D=3D"r"){minorRevision=3DminorRevision.substring(1);= if(minorRevision.indexOf("d")>0){minorRevision=3DminorRevision.substring(= 0,minorRevision.indexOf("d"));}}}else{throw new Error();}}else{return = null;}}catch(exception){return null;}=0A= return{majorVersion:majorVersion,majorRevision:majorRevision,minorRevisio= n:minorRevision};};brightcove.checkHtmlSupport=3Dfunction(){var = v=3Dbrightcove.createElement('video');var = c=3Dbrightcove.createElement('canvas');var = videoSupport=3Dtrue;if(!brightcove.userAgent.match(new = RegExp("android","i"))){videoSupport=3D!!(v.canPlayType&&v.canPlayType('v= ideo/mp4; codecs=3D"avc1.42E01E, mp4a.40.2"').replace(/no/,''));}=0A= if(brightcove.userAgent.match(/BlackBerry.*Version\/6\.0/)){return = false;}=0A= var = canvasSupport=3D!!brightcove.createElement('canvas').getContext;return = videoSupport&&canvasSupport;};brightcove.isSupportedHTMLDevice=3Dfunction= (pUAString){var types=3D["iPad","iPhone","iPod","android"];var = numTypes=3Dtypes.length;var = uaString=3DpUAString||brightcove.userAgent;for(var = i=3D0;i1){var = trace=3Dwindow;for(var = i=3D0;i";if(pType.name=3D=3D"obj"){for(var i = in pObj){pXML+=3DBCXML.convertToXML(pObj[i],i);}}else = if(pType.name=3D=3D"arr"){for(var = j=3D0;j";return = pXML;};BCXML.replaceEntities=3Dfunction(pObj){pObj=3DpObj.replace(new = RegExp("&","g"),"&");pObj=3DpObj.replace(new = RegExp("<","g"),"<");pObj=3DpObj.replace(new = RegExp(">","g"),">");return = pObj;};BCXML.getType=3Dfunction(pObj){switch(typeof(pObj)){case"boolean":= return{name:"boo",type:Boolean};case"string":return{name:"str",type:Strin= g};case"number":return{name:"num",type:Number};default:if(pObj = instanceof = Array){return{name:"arr",type:Array};}else{return{name:"obj",type:Object}= ;}}};BCAdvertisingEvent=3D{}=0A= BCAdvertisingEvent.AD_COMPLETE=3D"adComplete";BCAdvertisingEvent.AD_POSTR= OLLS_COMPLETE=3D"adPostRollsComplete";BCAdvertisingEvent.AD_PAUSE=3D"adPa= use";BCAdvertisingEvent.AD_PROGRESS=3D"adProgress";BCAdvertisingEvent.AD_= RESUME=3D"adResume";BCAdvertisingEvent.AD_RECEIVED=3D"adReceived";BCAdver= tisingEvent.AD_START=3D"adStart";BCAdvertisingEvent.AD_CLICK=3D"adClick";= BCAdvertisingEvent.EXTERNAL_AD=3D"externalAd";BCAdvertisingEvent.AD_RULES= _READY=3D"adRulesReady";brightcove.modules[APIModules.ADVERTISING]=3DAdve= rtisingAPI;function = AdvertisingAPI(pExperience){this.experience=3DpExperience;this.callback=3D= pExperience.callback;this.name=3DAPIModules.ADVERTISING;}=0A= var pttp=3DAdvertisingAPI.prototype=3Dnew = APIModule();pttp.showAd=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("showAd",arguments);};pttp.resumeAfterExternalAd=3Dfuncti= on(){return = this.callMethod("resumeAfterExternalAd",arguments);};pttp.getEnabledAdFor= mats=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getEnabledAdFormats",arguments);};pttp.enableAdFormats=3D= function(){return = this.callMethod("enableAdFormats",arguments);};pttp.enableExternalAds=3Df= unction(){return = this.callMethod("enableExternalAds",arguments);};pttp.enableOverrideAds=3D= function(){return = this.callMethod("enableOverrideAds",arguments);};pttp.getExternalAdsEnabl= ed=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getExternalAdsEnabled",arguments);};pttp.getOverrideAdsE= nabled=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getOverrideAdsEnabled",arguments);};pttp.disableForExter= nalAd=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("disableForExternalAd",arguments);};pttp.getCurrentAdProp= erties=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getCurrentAdProperties",arguments);};pttp.showSponsorMes= sage=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("showSponsorMessage",arguments);};pttp.getShowSponsorMess= age=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getShowSponsorMessage",arguments);};pttp.allowThirdParty= Control=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("allowThirdPartyControl",arguments);};pttp.setThirdPartyT= ime=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("setThirdPartyTime",arguments);};pttp.getThirdPartyTime=3D= function(){return = this.callMethod("getThirdPartyTime",arguments);};pttp.getAdPolicy=3Dfunct= ion(){return = this.callMethod("getAdPolicy",arguments);};pttp.setAdPolicy=3Dfunction(){= return = this.callMethod("setAdPolicy",arguments);};pttp.setAdRules=3Dfunction(){r= eturn = this.callMethod("setAdRules",arguments);};pttp.getCurrentAdRules=3Dfuncti= on(){return = this.callMethod("getCurrentAdRules",arguments);};pttp.setAdTranslator=3Df= unction(){return = this.callMethod("setAdTranslator",arguments);};pttp.getCurrentAdTranslato= r=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getCurrentAdTranslator",arguments);};pttp.requestAd=3Dfu= nction(){return = this.callMethod("requestAd",arguments);};pttp.getStayInFullScreen=3Dfunct= ion(){return = this.callMethod("getStayInFullScreen",arguments);};pttp.setStayInFullScre= en=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("setStayInFullScreen",arguments);};pttp.stopAd=3Dfunction= (){return = this.callMethod("stopAd",arguments);};pttp.DEFAULT_AD_TRANSLATOR=3D"defau= ltAdTranslator";BCCaptionsEvent=3D{}=0A= BCCaptionsEvent.DFXP_LOAD_SUCCESS=3D"dfxpLoadSuccess";BCCaptionsEvent.DFX= P_LOAD_ERROR=3D"dfxpLoadError";brightcove.modules[APIModules.CAPTIONS]=3D= CaptionsAPI;function = CaptionsAPI(pExperience){this.experience=3DpExperience;this.callback=3DpE= xperience.callback;this.name=3DAPIModules.CAPTIONS;}=0A= var pttp=3DCaptionsAPI.prototype=3Dnew = APIModule();pttp.loadDFXP=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("loadDFXP",arguments);};pttp.setLanguage=3Dfunction(){ret= urn = this.callMethod("setLanguage",arguments);};pttp.getLanguages=3Dfunction()= {return this.callMethod("getLanguages",arguments);};BCContentEvent=3D{}=0A= BCContentEvent.VIDEO_LOAD=3D"videoLoad";BCContentEvent.PLAYLIST_LOAD=3D"p= laylistLoad";BCContentEvent.MEDIA_LOAD=3D"mediaLoad";BCContentEvent.MEDIA= _COLLECTION_LOAD=3D"mediaCollectionLoad";brightcove.modules[APIModules.CO= NTENT]=3DContentAPI;function = ContentAPI(pExperience){this.experience=3DpExperience;if(pExperience){thi= s.callback=3DpExperience.callback;}=0A= this.name=3DAPIModules.CONTENT;}=0A= var pttp=3DContentAPI.prototype=3Dnew = APIModule();pttp.getAllMediaCollections=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getAllMediaCollections",arguments);};pttp.getAllMediaCol= lectionIDs=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getAllMediaCollectionIDs",arguments);};pttp.getAllPlayli= sts=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getAllPlaylists",arguments);};pttp.getAllPlaylistIDs=3Df= unction(){return = this.callMethod("getAllPlaylistIDs",arguments);};pttp.getMediaCollection=3D= function(){return = this.callMethod("getMediaCollection",arguments);};pttp.getMediaCollection= Asynch=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getMediaCollectionAsynch",arguments);};pttp.getPlaylist=3D= function(){return = this.callMethod("getPlaylist",arguments);};pttp.getPlaylistAsynch=3Dfunct= ion(){return = this.callMethod("getPlaylistAsynch",arguments);};pttp.getMedia=3Dfunction= (){return = this.callMethod("getMedia",arguments);};pttp.getMediaAsynch=3Dfunction(){= return = this.callMethod("getMediaAsynch",arguments);};pttp.getVideo=3Dfunction(){= return = this.callMethod("getVideo",arguments);};pttp.getVideoAsynch=3Dfunction(){= return = this.callMethod("getVideoAsynch",arguments);};pttp.purgeAllContent=3Dfunc= tion(){return = this.callMethod("purgeAllContent",arguments);};pttp.purgeMediaCollections= =3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("purgeMediaCollections",arguments);};pttp.purgeMedia=3Dfu= nction(){return = this.callMethod("purgeMedia",arguments);};pttp.purgePlaylist=3Dfunction()= {return = this.callMethod("purgePlaylist",arguments);};pttp.purgePlaylists=3Dfuncti= on(){return = this.callMethod("purgePlaylists",arguments);};pttp.purgeVideo=3Dfunction(= ){return = this.callMethod("purgeVideo",arguments);};pttp.purgeVideos=3Dfunction(){r= eturn = this.callMethod("purgeVideos",arguments);};pttp.getMediaInGroupAsynch=3Df= unction(){return = this.callMethod("getMediaInGroupAsynch",arguments);};pttp.createRuntimeMe= diaCollection=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("createRuntimeMediaCollection",arguments);};pttp.updateMe= dia=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("updateMedia",arguments);};pttp.appendArgsToMediaRequest=3D= function(){return = this.callMethod("appendArgsToMediaRequest",arguments);};brightcove.module= s[APIModules.CONVIVA]=3DConvivaAPI;function = ConvivaAPI(pExperience){this.experience=3DpExperience;this.callback=3DpEx= perience.callback;this.name=3DAPIModules.CONVIVA;}=0A= var pttp=3DConvivaAPI.prototype=3Dnew = APIModule();pttp.sendEvent=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("sendEvent",arguments);};BCCuePointEvent=3D{}=0A= BCCuePointEvent.CUE=3D"cuePoint";brightcove.modules[APIModules.CUE_POINTS= ]=3DCuePointsAPI;function = CuePointsAPI(pExperience){this.experience=3DpExperience;this.callback=3Dp= Experience.callback;this.name=3DAPIModules.CUE_POINTS;}=0A= var pttp=3DCuePointsAPI.prototype=3Dnew = APIModule();pttp.addCuePoints=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("addCuePoints",arguments);};pttp.clearCodeCuePoints=3Dfun= ction(){return = this.callMethod("clearCodeCuePoints",arguments);};pttp.removeCodeCuePoint= sAtTime=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("removeCodeCuePointsAtTime",arguments);};pttp.getCuePoint= s=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("getCuePoints",arguments);};pttp.clearAdCuePoints=3Dfunct= ion(){return = this.callMethod("clearAdCuePoints",arguments);};pttp.removeAdCuePointsAtT= ime=3Dfunction(){return = this.callMethod("removeAdCuePointsAtTime",arguments);};BCEffectsEvent=3D{= };BCEffectsEvent.BEGIN=3D"animationBegin";BCEffectsEvent.COMPLETE=3D"anim= ationComplete";BCEffectsEvent.CHANGE=3D"animationChange";brightcove.modul= es[APIModules.EFFECTS]=3DEffectsAPI;function = EffectsAPI(pExperience){this.experience=3DpExperience;this.callback=3DpEx= perience.callback;this.name=3DAPIModules.EFFECTS;}=0A= EffectsAPI.animations=3D{};var pttp=3DEffectsAPI.prototype=3Dnew = APIModule();pttp.createAnimation=3Dfunction(){var = pID=3Dthis.callMethod("createAnimationJS",arguments);return = this.getAnimation(pID);};pttp.getAnimation=3Dfunction(){var = pID=3Dthis.callMethod("getAnimationJS",arguments);if(pID){return = this.getAnimationWrapper(pID);}=0A= return null;};pttp.getAnimationWrapper=3Dfunction(pID){var = pAnimation=3DEffectsAPI.animations[pID];if(pAnimation=3D=3Dundefined){pAn= imation=3Dnew = EffectsAPIAnimation(pID,this.callback);EffectsAPI.animations[pID]=3DpAnim= ation;}=0A= return pAnimation;};function = EffectsAPIAnimation(pID,pCallback){this.id=3DpID;this.name=3DAPIModules.E= FFECTS;this.callback=3DpCallback;}=0A= pttp=3DEffectsAPIAnimation.prototype=3Dnew = APIModule();pttp.id=3D-1;pttp.callMethod=3Dfunction(pMethod,pArguments){i= f(pArguments=3D=3Dundefined)pArguments=3D[];var = pArgs=3D[this.id];for(var = i=3D0;i7){deconcept.SWFObject.doPrepUnload=3Dtrue;}if(c= ){this.addParam("bgcolor",c);}var = q=3D_7?_7:"high";this.addParam("quality",q);this.setAttribute("useExpress= Install",false);this.setAttribute("doExpressInstall",false);var = _c=3D(_8)?_8:window.location;this.setAttribute("xiRedirectUrl",_c);this.s= etAttribute("redirectUrl","");if(_9){this.setAttribute("redirectUrl",_9);= }};deconcept.SWFObject.prototype=3D{useExpressInstall:function(_d){this.x= iSWFPath=3D!_d?"expressinstall.swf":_d;this.setAttribute("useExpressInsta= ll",true);},setAttribute:function(_e,_f){this.attributes[_e]=3D_f;},getAt= tribute:function(_10){return = this.attributes[_10];},addParam:function(_11,_12){this.params[_11]=3D_12;= },getParams:function(){return = this.params;},addVariable:function(_13,_14){this.variables[_13]=3D_14;},g= etVariable:function(_15){return = this.variables[_15];},getVariables:function(){return = this.variables;},getVariablePairs:function(){var _16=3Dnew Array();var = key;var _18=3Dthis.getVariables();for(key in = _18){_16[_16.length]=3Dkey+"=3D"+_18[key];}return = _16;},getSWFHTML:function(){var = _19=3D"";if(navigator.plugins&&navigator.mimeTypes&&navigator.mimeTypes.l= ength){if(this.getAttribute("doExpressInstall")){this.addVariable("MMplay= erType","PlugIn");this.setAttribute("swf",this.xiSWFPath);}_19=3D"

0){_19+=3D"flashvar= s=3D\""+_1c+"\"";}_19+=3D"/>";}else{if(this.getAttribute("doExpressInstal= l")){this.addVariable("MMplayerType","ActiveX");this.setAttribute("swf",t= his.xiSWFPath);}_19=3D"

";}return = _19;},write:function(_20){if(this.getAttribute("useExpressInstall")){var = _21=3Dnew = deconcept.PlayerVersion([6,0,65]);if(this.installedVer.versionIsValid(_21= )&&!this.installedVer.versionIsValid(this.getAttribute("version"))){this.= setAttribute("doExpressInstall",true);this.addVariable("MMredirectURL",es= cape(this.getAttribute("xiRedirectUrl")));document.title=3Ddocument.title= .slice(0,47)+" - Flash Player = Installation";this.addVariable("MMdoctitle",document.title);}}if(this.ski= pDetect||this.getAttribute("doExpressInstall")||this.installedVer.version= IsValid(this.getAttribute("version"))){var n=3D(typeof = _20=3D=3D"string")?document.getElementById(_20):_20;n.innerHTML=3Dthis.ge= tSWFHTML();return = true;}else{if(this.getAttribute("redirectUrl")!=3D""){document.location.r= eplace(this.getAttribute("redirectUrl"));}}return = false;}};deconcept.SWFObjectUtil.getPlayerVersion=3Dfunction(){var = _23=3Dnew = deconcept.PlayerVersion([0,0,0]);if(navigator.plugins&&navigator.mimeType= s.length){var x=3Dnavigator.plugins["Shockwave = Flash"];if(x&&x.description){_23=3Dnew = deconcept.PlayerVersion(x.description.replace(/([a-zA-Z]|\s)+/,"").replac= e(/(\s+r|\s+b[0-9]+)/,".").split("."));}}else{if(navigator.userAgent&&nav= igator.userAgent.indexOf("Windows CE")>=3D0){var axo=3D1;var = _26=3D3;while(axo){try{_26++;axo=3Dnew = ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash."+_26);_23=3Dnew = deconcept.PlayerVersion([_26,0,0]);}catch(e){axo=3Dnull;}}}else{try{var = axo=3Dnew = ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.7");}catch(e){try{var = axo=3Dnew ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash.6");_23=3Dnew = deconcept.PlayerVersion([6,0,21]);axo.AllowScriptAccess=3D"always";}catch= (e){if(_23.major=3D=3D6){return _23;}}try{axo=3Dnew = ActiveXObject("ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash");}catch(e){}}if(axo!=3Dnull= ){_23=3Dnew deconcept.PlayerVersion(axo.GetVariable("$version").split(" = ")[1].split(","));}}}return = _23;};deconcept.PlayerVersion=3Dfunction(_29){this.major=3D_29[0]!=3Dnull= ?parseInt(_29[0]):0;this.minor=3D_29[1]!=3Dnull?parseInt(_29[1]):0;this.r= ev=3D_29[2]!=3Dnull?parseInt(_29[2]):0;};deconcept.PlayerVersion.prototyp= e.versionIsValid=3Dfunction(fv){if(this.majorfv.major){return = true;}if(this.minorfv.minor){return true;}if(this.rev=3D0;i--){_2f[i].style.display=3D"none";for(var x in = _2f[i]){if(typeof = _2f[i][x]=3D=3D"function"){_2f[i][x]=3Dfunction(){};}}}};if(deconcept.SWF= Object.doPrepUnload){if(!deconcept.unloadSet){deconcept.SWFObjectUtil.pre= pUnload=3Dfunction(){__flash_unloadHandler=3Dfunction(){};__flash_savedUn= loadHandler=3Dfunction(){};window.attachEvent("onunload",deconcept.SWFObj= ectUtil.cleanupSWFs);};window.attachEvent("onbeforeunload",deconcept.SWFO= bjectUtil.prepUnload);deconcept.unloadSet=3Dtrue;}}if(!document.getElemen= tById&&document.all){document.getElementById=3Dfunction(id){return = document.all[id];};}var = 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this};b.api.selectPlayer=3Dfunction(d){var = c;if(!b.utils.exists(d)){d=3D0}if(d.nodeType){c=3Dd}else{if(typeof = d=3D=3D"string"){c=3Ddocument.getElementById(d)}}if(c){var = e=3Db.api.playerById(c.id);if(e){return e}else{return = b.api.addPlayer(new b.api(c))}}else{if(typeof d=3D=3D"number"){return = b.getPlayers()[d]}}return = null};b.api.events=3D{API_READY:"jwplayerAPIReady",JWPLAYER_READY:"jwplay= erReady",JWPLAYER_FULLSCREEN:"jwplayerFullscreen",JWPLAYER_RESIZE:"jwplay= erResize",JWPLAYER_ERROR:"jwplayerError",JWPLAYER_COMPONENT_SHOW:"jwplaye= rComponentShow",JWPLAYER_COMPONENT_HIDE:"jwplayerComponentHide",JWPLAYER_= MEDIA_BUFFER:"jwplayerMediaBuffer",JWPLAYER_MEDIA_BUFFER_FULL:"jwplayerMe= diaBufferFull",JWPLAYER_MEDIA_ERROR:"jwplayerMediaError",JWPLAYER_MEDIA_L= OADED:"jwplayerMediaLoaded",JWPLAYER_MEDIA_COMPLETE:"jwplayerMediaComplet= e",JWPLAYER_MEDIA_SEEK:"jwplayerMediaSeek",JWPLAYER_MEDIA_TIME:"jwplayerM= 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14 comments

What is happening while oppening the box?

Range of quantum entaglement

3-body state.

Subjective knowledge-objective reality distinction

Wouldn't you hear the meowing stop?

The answer is...

Entangled state

QM =3D information/statistics + wave nature

Validity of the Proposed Experiment

A purely phsical perspective

Missing the point